GED® Science: Full-Length Practice Exam (Level 6 - Mastery) › 2. Reasoning at the Highest Level
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2. Reasoning at the Highest Level

GED® Science: Full-Length Practice Exam (Level 6 - Mastery) · preview lesson

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Mastery science demands precise quantitative and evaluative thinking.

  • Square and cube relationships. Kinetic energy depends on the square of speed; tripling speed multiplies energy by nine.
  • Conservation laws. Atoms are conserved in reactions; momentum is conserved in collisions; energy is never destroyed, only transformed.
  • Inheritance probability. Use a test cross to reveal a hidden genotype; combine probabilities for specific dihybrid outcomes.
  • Data vs. conclusion. Ask whether the evidence actually supports the claim, controls for confounding factors, and includes a comparison group.
  • Deep time and cosmic evidence. Half the parent isotope means one half-life of age; redshift growing with distance shows an expanding universe.
How Far Is Space? Measuring Huge Distances Earth–MoonEarth–SunNeptunenearest star 1.3 light-seconds 1 AUlight: ~8 minutes ~30 AUlight: ~4 hours ~4.2 light-years Two space rulers: • AU (astronomical unit) = the average Earth–Sun distance (~150 million km). • Light-year = how far light travels in one year (~9.5 trillion km). Distances are so vast that astronomers measure them by how long light takes to cross them.
From atoms to galaxies, the same physical laws scale across the universe.
Quick Check

Galaxies show a redshift that grows with distance. What does this provide evidence for?

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